‘We the people of Indonesia hereby declare the independence of Indonesia’: with these words, the Indonesian nationalist leader Sukarno declared the independence of his nation on 17 August 1945.

The Netherlands, the former colonial power in Indonesia, refused to recognise the country’s independence and tried to reoccupy it. Indonesia defended its independence by fighting a war with the Netherlands on its own territory. Indonesia received support from the international community from the outset, and in 1949 international pressure forced the Netherlands to recognise Indonesia. In 1950, Indonesia became a member of the United Nations, confirming its international status as an independent state.