Born into the House of Habsburg, Charles V (1500-1558) grew up surrounded by wealth and power. He inherited several territories, becoming the Lord of the Netherlands, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor.

He believed that Roman Catholicism was the one true religion and did not tolerate any others. Despite his harsh crackdown on Protestants in the Netherlands the Protestant church continued to grow. In 1555, Charles V abdicated and divided his empire between his son Philip II of Spain and his brother Ferdinand. After giving up the throne Charles isolated himself for the final years of his life in Yuste, Spain, where he had built a monastery and palace.