Missing Title

attributed to Johannes Ruckers, 1640

The virginal, like the harpsichord, is a keyboard instrument the strings of which are plucked by plectra. Used mostly in domestic contexts, virginals were smaller and usually less costly than harpsichords. These instruments were often played by young girls, giving rise to the name ‘virginal’. The decoration of this instrument is not painted, but consists of printed paper.

  • Artwork typekeyboard instrument, musical instrument, stringed instrument, virginal
  • Object numberBK-KOG-595
  • Dimensionslength 150 cm x width 48 cm x height 22 cm, length 106 cm x width 42.5 cm x height 78 cm
  • Physical characteristicspoplar, spruce, oak, bone, paper, metal, leather

Identification

  • Title(s)

    Virginal

  • Object type

  • Object number

    BK-KOG-595

  • Description

    Virginaal met aan de binnenkant van de deksel de spreuk MUSICA LABORUM DULCE LEVAMEN en rond het klavier beplakt met papier met ornamenten met dolfijnen. Los op onderstel.

  • Inscriptions / marks

    inscription: ‘MUSICA LABORUM DULCE LEVAMEN’


Creation

  • Creation

    • musical instrument maker: attributed to Johannes Ruckers, Antwerp
    • musical instrument maker: attributed to Andreas Ruckers (I), Antwerp [rejected attribution]
  • Dating

    1640

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Material and technique

  • Physical description

    poplar, spruce, oak, bone, paper, metal, leather

  • Dimensions

    • length 150 cm x width 48 cm x height 22 cm
    • length 106 cm x width 42.5 cm x height 78 cm

Acquisition and rights

  • Credit line

    On loan from the Koninklijk Oudheidkundig Genootschap

  • Copyright


Documentation

    • H. J. Scharp, 'Spinet. Vermoedelijk antwerpsch werk uit de eerste helft der 17e eeuw', Gedenboek ter gelegenheid van het 75-jarig bestaan, Amsterdam: Kampen & Zoon, 1933, p. 192-194
    • Giovanni Paolo Di Stefano, 'Een virginaal uit de tijd van Veermer, Tijdschrift Oude Muziek, 2023/1, p. 10-11
    • Giovanni Paolo Di Stefano, Tamar Hestrin-Grader, Paul van Duin, Miriam Orlando, 'Reconciling Past and Present: the Rijksmuseum 1640 Ioannes Ruckers Muselaar Project', 4th Annual Conference COST FP1302 WoodMusICK, Preservation of Wooden Musical Instruments: Ethics, Practice and Assessment, Musical Instrument Museum, Brussels, October 5-7, 2017, p. 55-59
    • Philip Steadman, 'Allegory, Realism, and Vermeer's Use of the Camera Obscura', Early Science and Medicine, jrg. 10, nr. 2, Optics, Instruments and Painting, 1420-1720 Reflections on the Hockney-Falco Thesis (2005), p. 287-313: 292-293, afb. 4
    • Edward L. Kottick, George H. Lucktenberg, 'Early Keyboard Instruments in European Museums', Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997, p. 161-162
    • Grant O'Brien, ‘The authentic instruments from the workshops of Hans and Ioannes Ruckers’, Mededelingen van het Ruckers-Genootschap 3 (1983), p. 37-44: 44
    • Edwin M. Ripin, Denzil Wraight, G. Grant O'Brien, Howard Ferguson, John Caldwell, Howard Schott, William Dowd, 'Early keyboard instruments', The New Grove Musical Instruments Series, New York, London: Norton, 1989, p. 52

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