Dirck Dalens I (? Dordrecht c. 1600 - Zierikzee 1676)

The earliest document relating to the life of Dirck Dalens I dates from 27 December 1626, when the banns of his marriage to Roeltgen Willems were posted in The Hague. It states that he came from Dordrecht, which was probably his native city. Nothing is known about his parents. His wife was a daughter of the painter Willem Lucas, about whom there is no further information. Although the sources do not confirm that Dalens trained with Moyses van Wtenbrouck, the great stylistic affinity between their oeuvres makes this likely. Dalens registered as a master with the Hague Guild of St Luke in 1632. He may have spent some time in Italy, probably before his wedding, which lead to him being asked to give his expert opinion about some pictures by Italian masters in 1672.

In 1636 Dalens informed the Hague guild that he wanted to settle in Leiden, and the deans and wardens gave him permission to auction 80 paintings on condition that he was not to move back to the city for at least two years. His profession was also given as schoolmaster at the time. He got into trouble with the guild because he sold 20 additional works, but he was nevertheless allowed to return to The Hague in 1637 after his father-in-law put in a good word for him. In 1648 he was paid 1,200 guilders for four overmantels which Stadholder Frederik Hendrik commissioned for Huis in ’t Noordeinde in The Hague prior to his death in 1647. Dalens joined the artists’ society Confrerie Pictura in 1656. Two years later, after the decease of his wife, he married Adriaentge de Lieffe (or Lieffde), the widow of Cornelis Couwenaar.

Dalens was evidently not easy to get along with. The archives show that he regularly got involved in conflicts with colleagues, tenants, craftsmen, the guild and the civic authorities. His restless character is also shown by the fact that he was living in Rotterdam in 1662, in Delft in 1663, and was back in The Hague in 1669. In 1676 he was convicted of incest with his daughter Maria, who had been born in 1659. He fled to Zierikzee, where he died that same year.

Dirck Dalens is referred to as Dirck I to distinguish him from his eponymous grandson and great-grandson, who are known to art history as Dirck II and Dirck III. The identical names and the fact that they also painted landscapes, the subject of Dirck I’s almost entire output, has led to a confusion of the three oeuvres. The one of Dirck I is modest in size. His earliest securely dated picture is from 1635,³³Illustrated in R. Klessmann, Die holländischen Gemälde: Kritisches Verzeichnis mit 485 Abbildungen, coll. cat. Braunschweig (Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum) 1983, p. 52, no. 353. Another one that was on the art market, present whereabouts unknown, is variously dated; see the catalogues for the sale, Amsterdam (P. Brandt), 22/28 May 1973, no. 39 (ill.), as dated 1633, and Amsterdam (Sotheby’s Mak van Waay), 30 October 1979, no. 27 (ill.), as dated 1632. and his last known one from 1664.⁴⁴Present whereabouts unknown; catalogue for the sale, Schlösser et al., Cologne (Lempertz), 10 April 1906, no. 41 (ill.).

Richard Harmanni, 2022

References
C. Kramm, De levens en werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers, graveurs en bouwmeesters: Van den vroegsten tot op onzen tijd, I, Amsterdam 1857, pp. 317-20; C. Vosmaer, ‘De ordonnantie-boeken van prins Frederik Hendrik over de jaren 1637-1650’, Kunstkronijk N.S. 2 (1861), pp. 37-40, esp. p. 39; C. Kramm, De levens en werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers, graveurs en bouwmeesters: Van den vroegsten tot op onzen tijd, VI, Amsterdam 1864, p. 40; F.D.O. Obreen, Archief voor Nederlandsche kunstgeschiedenis: Verzameling van meerendeels onuitgegeven berichten en mededeelingen betreffende Nederlandsche schilders, plaatsnijders, beeldhouwers, bouwmeesters, juweliers, goud- en zilverdrijvers [enz.], III, Rotterdam 1880-81, pp. 259, 274; ibid., IV, 1881-82, pp. 59, 73, 131; ibid., V, 1882-83, pp. 96, 155; A. Bredius, ‘Aus den Haager Archiven, XI: Dirk Dalens senior’, Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst 18 (1883), pp. 617-19, 642-44; A. Bredius, ‘Italiaansche schilderijen in 1672, door Amsterdamsche en Haagsche schilders beoordeeld’, Oud Holland 4 (1886), pp. 41-46, esp. pp. 42-43; G.H. Veth, ‘Aantekeningen omtrent eenige Dordrechtsche schilder. Aanvullingen en verbeteringen’, Oud Holland 21 (1903), pp. 111-24, esp. pp. 116-17; Zoege von Manteuffel in U. Thieme and F. Becker (eds.), Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, VIII, Leipzig 1913, p. 294; W. Soechting, ‘Dirck Dalens I, een vergeten landschapsschilder’, Holland 9 (1977), pp. 32-36; Löffler in E. Buijsen et al., Haagse schilders in de Gouden Eeuw: Het Hoogsteder Lexicon van alle schilders werkzaam in Den Haag 1600-1700, exh. cat. The Hague (Haags Historisch Museum) 1998-99, p. 298; Pijl in Saur Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon: Die Bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker, XXIII, Munich/Leipzig 1999, pp. 492-93